the leading French mural painter of the later 19th century. He was largely independent of the major artistic currents of his time and was much admired by a diverse group of artists and critics, including Georges Seurat, Paul Gauguin, Charles Baudelaire, and Théophile Gautier.

Puvis's teachers included Thomas Couture and Eugène Delacroix. Although he exhibited regularly at the Paris Salons from the 1860s on, Puvis is best remembered for the huge canvases he painted for the walls of city halls and other public buildings throughout France. He developed a style characterized by simplified forms, rhythmic line, and pale, flat, frescolike colouring for allegorical pieces and idealizations of themes from antiquity. In 1861 he began an important series of paintings that became part of the decorative scheme (completed 1882) for the museum at Amiens. Among his other major commissions is a series of panels in the Panthéon, Paris, illustrating the life of St. Geneviève. Begun in 1876, the work was completed by his students after his death. Other important Paris murals are in the Sorbonne (1887–89) and the Hôtel de Ville (completed in 1893). He also painted the staircase of the public library at Boston (1894–98).