ancient Roman province comprising Vorarlberg and Tirol states in present-day Austria, the eastern cantons of Switzerland, and parts of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg states in Germany. Its native inhabitants were probably of mixed Illyrian and Celtic stock. The area was conquered by Rome in 15 BC and became an important part of the empire, but not for its economic value, which was small; rather, Raetia blocked the most convenient routes for an invader of Italy from the north by its control of a network of highways between Italy and the Danube River and between Gaul and the Balkan Mountains.

Because Raetia was a frontier province, its boundaries shifted in response to pressures from the German tribes. The northern line was moved north of the Danube to the Neckar River in the 1st century AD, but in the 3rd century intrusions by German tribes forced the western and northern boundaries to be pulled back. By 450 Rome controlled only the Alpine regions of Raetia.