biographical novel that concentrates on an individual's youth and his social and moral initiation into adulthood. The class derives from Goethe's Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre (1795–96; Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship). It became a traditional novel form in German literature, where it is called Bildungsroman (“novel of educational formation”). An English example is Dickens' David Copperfield (1850). In the 20th century Thomas Wolfe's Look Homeward, Angel (1929) is an American example. See also Bildungsroman; Künstlerroman.