British jockey who reigned as national champion for 13 consecutive years (1874–86).

In 1867, Archer began his apprenticeship with trainer Matthew Dawson at Newmarket in Cambridgeshire. In his brief 17-season career, he won more than one third of all his races, totaling 2,748 victories, with a single season high of 246 wins (1885). He won 21 classic races, which are the five most prestigious races of the season. He rode four winners in the Oaks Stakes at Epsom Downs in Surrey, five winners in the Derby Stakes at Epsom Downs, and six winners in the St. Leger Stakes at Doncaster in Yorkshire. In one of his more memorable races, Archer rode Bend Or to victory in the 1880 Derby Stakes, edging out Robert the Devil by a head. In 1886, Archer jockeyed the undefeated Ormonde to the triple crown title by winning the Two Thousand Guineas Stakes at Newmarket, the Derby Stakes, and the St. Leger Stakes. Some of his horse racing records stood for more than 50 years after his suicide in 1886.