last king of the Parthian empire (reigned c. AD 213–224) in southwest Asia.

He was the younger son of Vologases IV, who died probably in 207, and was ruling the Median provinces at the time of his rebellion (c. 213) against his brother, Vologases V. By 216 he had apparently extended his power over the Mesopotamian part of the empire, although Vologases continued to strike coins at the Seleucia mint until 222 or 223. The Roman emperor Caracalla attacked Artabanus in 216, ravaging much of Media and desecrating the Parthian royal tombs at Arbela (modern ʿArbil, Iraq). In 217 Artabanus counterattacked; Caracalla was assassinated, and his successor, Macrinus, who was defeated at Nisibis (Nisibin), made peace with heavy indemnities. Meanwhile, however, Ardashīr (Ardashīr I) the Sāsānian, who had begun his rule as petty king in the province of Persis in 208, had been steadily extending his domains and winning Iranian allies against Parthian overlordship. Revolt became general, and Artabanus was finally killed in battle against Ardashīr.