city, seat (1886) of Carbon county, south-central Wyoming, U.S. It lies just east of the Continental Divide at an elevation of 6,755 feet (2,059 metres). Founded in 1868 when the Union Pacific Railroad (Union Pacific Railroad Company) arrived, it was first named Rawlins Springs for U.S. Army Chief of Staff General John A. Rawlins, who requested a freshwater spring there bear his name. In 1874 “Rawlins Red” pigment from the local paint mines was sent 2,000 miles (3,220 km) to be used on the Brooklyn Bridge. Rawlins has since become a railroad division point, a supply centre for a ranching, lumbering, and coal-mining area, and a tourist rest stop for nearby national forests. In the 1950s it became an important shipping point for uranium from the Gas Hills area to the north. Rawlins is home to the state penitentiary; the Frontier Prison, which served as the penitentiary from 1901 to 1981 is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Nearby Sinclair has an oil refinery. Inc. 1886. Pop. (1990) 9,380; (2000) 8,538.