U.S. congressman and fur trader who revolutionized the fur trade and hastened exploration of the American West when he introduced the rendezvous system as a substitute for traditional trading posts.

Having arrived in Missouri sometime after 1802, Ashley prospered in mining, gunpowder manufacture, surveying, and land speculation. He rose to the rank of general in the territorial militia, and he served as the state's first lieutenant governor in 1820. Two years later, together with experienced fur trapper Andrew Henry, Ashley organized the Rocky Mountain Fur Company and traveled up the Missouri River to the mouth of the Yellowstone River, where the party established a trading post.

Indian hostility soon caused the partners to abandon the area in favour of the Central Rockies, where furbearing animals were so abundant that the only major concern was marketing and transport. Ashley's solution was an annual rendezvous, or temporary wilderness market, where free trappers could bring their furs to him at the end of the season and purchase from him the supplies they needed for another year of trapping. The first such rendezvous was held on the Green River (in present Wyoming) in the spring of 1825.

By 1827 Ashley had made a fortune, and he retired to devote the remainder of his life largely to politics. As a U.S. congressman from 1831, he was an effective champion of Western interests.