American band that helped popularize grunge music in the early 1990s. The original members were lead vocalist Eddie Vedder (original name Edward Louis Severson III; b. December 23, 1964, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.), rhythm guitarist Stone Gossard (b. July 20, 1966, Seattle, Washington), bassist Jeff Ament (b. March 10, 1963, Havre, Montana), lead guitarist Mike McCready (b. April 5, 1966, Pensacola, Florida), and drummer Dave Krusen (b. March 10, 1966, Tacoma, Washington). Later members included Jack Irons (b. July 18, 1962, Los Angeles, California), Dave Abbruzzese (b. May 17, 1968, Stamford, Connecticut), and Matt Cameron (b. November 28, 1962, San Diego, California).

Pearl Jam came into being in Seattle in 1990 when Gossard and Ament of the glam (glam rock)-influenced rock combo Mother Love Bone decided to form a new band following the death of their group's lead singer, Andrew Wood. Named after the unusual homemade jam of Vedder's great-grandmother Pearl, the band released its first album, Ten, in 1991. alternative rock had already begun to receive mainstream acceptance, thanks largely to the popularity of Nirvana—who, like Pearl Jam, were part of Seattle's vibrant music scene—and Ten (featuring the major hits "Jeremy," "Evenflow," and "Alive" ) became a multimillion-seller.

With angry, stadium-style rock highlighted by Vedder's impassioned baritone vocals, Pearl Jam joined Nirvana as the musical voice of Generation X. The group also earned a reputation for resisting the mainstream music industry. Notably, they refused to produce music videos (music video) for any of the songs on their second album, Vs (1993), and in 1994 they canceled a tour as the result of a heated battle over ticket prices. Instead, the band scheduled concerts at venues that were much smaller than the stadiums they usually played and experimented with unorthodox ticket distribution techniques.

Vitalogy (1994), the group's third multimillion-selling album, explored longing and loss, and it included the Grammy (Grammy Award)-winning single "Spin the Black Circle." Pearl Jam backed Neil Young (Young, Neil) on Mirror Ball (1995), then released No Code (1996), whose stylistic departure disappointed some fans. Despite good reviews, Yield (1998) and Binaural (2000) were not commercial successes. Pearl Jam, however, remained a popular concert draw, and its 2000 European tour was chronicled on 25 live and unedited CDs. The politically charged Riot Act (2002) was a solid rock album, but its intensity did not approach the eponymous Pearl Jam (2006). Critics and fans embraced the return to the arena-rock sound of Vs, and singles like "World Wide Suicide" recalled the anger and urgency of "Jeremy." In 2007 Vedder made his solo debut with Into the Wild, the score for the Sean Penn (Penn, Sean) film of the same name. The film recounted the true story of a young man who turned his back on society to live in the Alaska wilderness, and Vedder's award-winning sound track captured the mood with stripped-down instrumentation and lyrics that recalled traditional American roots ballads.