the 28 articles that constitute the basic confession of the Lutheran churches, presented June 25, 1530, in German and Latin at the Diet of Augsburg to the emperor Charles V by seven Lutheran princes and two imperial free cities. The principal author was the Reformer Philipp Melanchthon (Melanchthon, Philipp), who drew on earlier Lutheran statements of faith. The purpose was to defend the Lutherans against misrepresentations and to provide a statement of their theology that would be acceptable to the Roman Catholics. On August 3 the Catholic theologians replied with the Confutation, which condemned 13 articles of the confession, accepted 9 without qualifications, and approved 6 with qualifications. The emperor refused to receive a Lutheran counterreply offered on September 22, but Melanchthon used it as the basis for his Apology of the Augsburg Confession (1531). This 1530 version of the confession (known as the “unaltered” version) has been authoritative for Lutherans, but proponents of the eucharistic doctrine of Huldrych Zwingli (Zwingli, Huldrych) and John Calvin (Calvin, John) accepted a modified edition prepared by Melanchthon (the Variata of 1540).

The first 21 articles of the Augsburg Confession set forth Lutheran doctrine in order to demonstrate that “they dissent in no article of faith from the Catholic Church.” The remaining seven articles discuss abuses that had crept into the Western church in the centuries immediately preceding the Reformation: communion under one kind (the people received the bread only), enforced priestly celibacy, the mass as an expiatory sacrifice, compulsory confession, human institutions designed to merit grace, abuses in connection with monasticism, and the expanded authority claimed by the bishops. On such topics as justification the confession used vague, rather than precise, language.

The confession was translated into English in 1536 and influenced the Thirty-nine Articles of the Anglicans and the Twenty-five Articles of Religion of the Methodists.