city, seat (1883) of Reeves county, southwestern Texas, U.S. It is situated in the Pecos River valley, some 80 miles (130 km) southwest of Odessa. It originated in 1881 as a station on the Texas and Pacific Railway and as a cow town at the intersection of old cattle and wagon trails. It developed as a livestock distribution and service centre and is credited with holding the first Texas rodeo in 1883 (now held annually in July).

The city's West of the Pecos Museum depicts frontier life in the West. In the 1940s Pecos's commercial activities became more diversified when underground water was pumped for irrigation, oil and natural gas were tapped, and sulfur was processed. Farming (especially cotton, cantaloupes, and vegetables), cattle ranching, oil and gas production, and tourism are now major economic factors; the annual Cantaloupe Festival celebrates the region's agriculture. Large automotive (tire) proving grounds are nearby. Inc. 1903. Pop. (1990) 12,069; (2000) 9,501.