mountains, part of the Saharan Atlas in northeastern Algeria, northern Africa, fronted by rugged cliffs in the north and opening out in the south into the two parallel fertile valleys of the wadies Abiod and ʿAbdi, facing the Sahara. The highest peaks, which are snowcapped during winter, include Mount Chélia (7,638 feet 【2,328 m】), the highest point in northern Algeria, and Mount Mahmel (7,615 feet 【2,320 m】). The upper slopes are covered with pine, cedar, and oak forests that give way to xerophytic (dry-climate) vegetation on the lower slopes. A railroad and highway cross the mountains at El-Kantara pass, near the town of Batna. Many ancient Roman ruins are at Tazoult-Lambese (Lambèse) and Timgad (Thamugadi). Long inhabited by seminomadic Berber tribes, the mountains have gradually become settled by a majority of Arab nomads from the Sahara. The people practice seasonal migration based on villages regulated by collective granaries.