Elizabethan dramatist who experimented in many forms of theatrical art: pastoral, history, melodrama, tragedy, folk play, and pageant.

Peele's father was a London clerk who contributed to several city pageants. Peele was educated at Oxford, where he translated into English a play by Euripides. He later moved to London, but in 1583 he returned to Oxford to supervise the performance at Christ Church of two Latin plays by the noted academic dramatist William Gager (1555–1622).

In London he became associated with Robert Greene (Greene, Robert) and others known as the university wits, who were attempting to make a living as professional authors, and he experimented with poetry in various forms. His earliest important work is The Arraignment of Paris (c. 1581–84), a mythological extravaganza written for the Children of the Chapel, a troupe of boy actors, and performed at court before Queen Elizabeth.

The remainder of his career was devoted to writing plays for the popular stage, only four of which survive: a tragedy, The Battle of Alcazar (c. 1589); a chronicle history, Edward I (c. 1593); a biblical tragedy, The Love of King David and Fair Bethsabe (1594); and his most enduring achievement, the fantastical comic romance The Old Wives' Tale (c. 1591–94). He also wrote commemorative poems and city pageants.