Brazilian film director known for socially conscious films that examine the lives of society's outsiders.

Babenco spent his late teen and early adult years studying existential philosophy and traveling the world, finally settling in Brazil in 1971. He became interested in filmmaking during the early '70s and directed shorts and commercials before making his first feature, King of the Night (1975). His first success, Lúcio Flávio (1978), was a controversial portrayal of a real-life bank robber; it was enormously popular in Brazil and helped revive that country's flagging film industry. Babenco gained international acclaim with Pixote (1981), a film reminiscent of the work of Luis Buñel, which chronicled the harrowing, desperate lives of homeless Brazilian children.

Babenco's first U.S. feature was Kiss of the Spider Woman (1985), a quirky, near-surreal comic drama about a pederast (William Hurt) and a political prisoner (Raul Julia) who share a Brazilian jail cell. The film earned Oscar nominations for best picture and director and earned Hurt an Oscar for best actor. Babenco's best-known later films include Ironweed (1987) and At Play in the Fields of the Lord (1991). He made no films for most of the 1990s, because of health problems and his dissatisfaction with the Hollywood film industry. He returned with Corazon iluminado (Foolish Heart, 1998), filmed in Brazil, and also dabbled in acting in the films The Venice Project (1999) and Before Night Falls (2000).