(Oct. 22, 1764), conflict between forces of the British East India Company, commanded by Major Hector Munro, and those of the Mughal emperor, Shah ʿAlam (Shah Alam); the Mughal governor of Oudh ( Ayodhya), Shujāʿ al-Dawlah; and the dispossessed governor of Bengal, Mīr Qāsim. This decisive battle confirmed the British in the control of Bengal and Bihar after their initial success at Plassey in 1757.

The battle marked the end of the attempt to rule Bengal through a puppet nawab; thenceforth the company took control. In 1765 it was granted the power to collect revenues in Bengal, and the British soldier and administrator Robert Clive (Clive, Robert, 1st Baron Clive of Plassey) began his second governorship, which continued until 1767.