English statesman who was commissioned governor of the American colony of Maryland in 1661 and succeeded as proprietor of the colony in 1675.

Like his grandfather George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore (Baltimore, George Calvert, 1st Baron), Charles Calvert was a Roman Catholic, and anti-Catholic feeling was strong among Maryland's Protestant majority. Matters were further aggravated by conflict with the Susquehanna Indians, as well as by Calvert's need to defend his territorial jurisdiction against claims by William Penn to the north. Antagonism in the Maryland Assembly led Calvert in 1670 to restrict the suffrage by property qualifications and occasionally to set aside acts of the legislature. Finally, after the Glorious Revolution (1688–89) in England, he was deprived of the province. He returned to England and was later accused of taking part in two Roman Catholic plots but was never arrested.

His son, Benedict Leonard Calvert (4th Baron Baltimore), conformed to the established Church of England in 1713 and thereupon had the colony of Maryland restored to him.