capital of Mali, located in the southwestern part of the country on the Niger River. When occupied for the French in 1880 by Captain Joseph-Simon Gallieni (Gallieni, Joseph-Simon), Bamako was a settlement of a few hundred inhabitants, grouped in villages. It became the capital of the former colony of French Sudan in 1908, four years after the Kayes–Bamako segment of the Dakar–Niger Railway (now the Regie des Chemins de Fer du Mali) was opened.

Bamako now spans both sides of the Niger River, which is navigable 225 miles (360 km) south, to Kouroussa, Guinea, from mid-June to mid-December. To the north a canal around the Sotuba Rapids has opened the northeastern section of the river to shipping as far as Gao (869 miles 【1,398 km】). Cement and petroleum products are shipped downstream from Bamako, with rice and groundnuts (peanuts) coming upstream for transshipment via the railway. The city is also served by an airport.

Bamako is a bustling city with a large market, botanical and zoological gardens, an active artisan community, and several research institutes. It also supports four colleges and houses the majority of Mali's industrial enterprises. The city more than tripled in size from 1960 to 1970, largely because of rural migration from drought-stricken areas of the countryside. A traditional character prevails, however, and mud brick buildings can still be seen throughout the city. Pop. (2005 est.) urban agglom., 1,368,000.