Barbasetti began his teaching career at the Military Fencing Masters School of Rome and later moved to Vienna, where he opened the Austro-Hungarian Central Fencing School in 1894. His style with the sabre, involving a greater emphasis on “finger play” to control the blade, was so successful that it replaced the teachings of the Hungarian master József Keresztessy (called the “father of Hungarian sabre fencing”). Barbasetti's school attracted the best fencers in both Austria and Hungary, and the so-called Hungarian style of swordplay he developed with the sabre dominated international competitions during the first half of the 20th century. He returned to Italy at the outbreak of World War I and continued teaching there until 1921, when he moved again, this time to Paris. He had many illustrious pupils, including Lucien Gaudin (Gaudin, Lucien) and Roger Ducret, both of whom competed for France in three Olympics (Olympic Games)—1920, 1924, and 1928—Gaudin winning four gold and two silver fencing medals and Ducret three gold, four silver, and one bronze.

In 1943 Barbasetti retuned to his homeland, spending his final years teaching in Verona. His books include The Art of the Foil (1932) and The Art of the Sabre and Épée (1936).