town, western Rajasthan (Rājasthān) state, extreme western India. Standing on a rocky hill crowned by a fort, the town is said to have been founded in the 13th century, when it was named Bahadamer (“The Hill Fort of Bahada”) for a local raja. The name has since been contracted to Barmer. The town lies along the railway from Jodhpur to the frontier of Pakistan and thence to Hyderabad. Barmer is a trade mart for camels, sheep, wool, and salt, and its handicraft products include millstones, camel fittings, and leather bags. The town has an observatory, a hospital, and a government college affiliated with the University of Rajasthan.

Barmer lies in an area that was formerly the Mallani district of the princely state of Jodhpur—an expanse of sandy plain forming part of the Great Indian (Thar) Desert (Thar Desert), watered only by the Luni River in the south. Irrigation has been mainly by means of deep wells, but traditional methods of harvesting rainwater have been revived. Bajra (pearl millet) is the chief crop. The breeding of cattle, horses, camels, sheep, and goats is important to the economy. Pop. (2001) 83,591.