Elizabethan poet, one of the Elizabethan sonneteers and the author of Parthenophil and Parthenophe.

Barnes was the son of Richard Barnes, bishop of Durham. He entered Brasenose College, Oxford, in 1586 but took no degree; in 1591 he joined the expedition to Normandy led by the Earl of Essex. On his return he published Parthenophil and Parthenophe (1593), containing sonnets, madrigals, elegies, and odes, on which rests his claim to fame. In 1598 he was prosecuted in the Star Chamber on a charge of attempted poisoning, but he escaped to the north. His other works include A Divine Century of Spiritual Sonnets (1595), Four Books of Offices (1606) in prose, and two plays, The Battle of Hexham (now lost) and the anti-Roman Catholic The Devil's Charter (1607). At his best his poems, particularly the madrigals, have exuberance and occasional felicity of language; the sonnets show French influence.