painter who introduced Impressionism to Australia. Arriving in Melbourne at age 13, Roberts worked as a photographer, supplementing his meagre earnings with paintings produced as an evening art student. In 1881 he went to England to study at the Royal Academy in London and toured Spain and France, where he was exposed to Impressionism. Returning to Melbourne in 1885, he, along with Frederick McCubbin and Louis Abrahams, founded at Box Hill the first of the artists' camps in the Australian bush. Later he joined Charles Conder and Arthur Streeton in the Eaglemont camp, where his influence on his fellow artists culminated in the historic nine-inch-by-five-inch Impression Exhibition of 1889—a showing in Melbourne of Impressionist landscapes painted on the lids of cedar cigar boxes. In spite of the tide of protest against this challenge to conventional art, the Heidelberg school, consisting of Roberts and his fellow Impressionists, came to dominate Australian art for more than 30 years. Roberts is best known as a painter of Australian rural life.