American novelist who wrote of the New South transformed by industry and technology.

Orphaned in late childhood after his father, a lawyer, committed suicide and his mother died in an automobile accident, Percy went with his brothers to live with their father's cousin, a bachelor and lawyer, in Greenville, Miss. Percy studied at the University of North Carolina (B.A., 1937) and Columbia University (M.D., 1941) and, while working as a pathologist at Bellevue Hospital, New York City, contracted tuberculosis, compelling him to rest at an upstate New York sanatorium. While recovering, he read widely, was attracted to the works of European existentialists, and decided on a career in writing. He also converted to Roman Catholicism.

During the 1950s, Percy wrote articles for philosophical, literary, and psychiatric journals, and not until 1961 was his first novel published, The Moviegoer, which won a National Book Award and which introduced Percy's concept of “Malaise,” a disease of despair born of the rootless modern world. Other fiction included The Last Gentleman (1966), Love in the Ruins: The Adventures of a Bad Catholic at a Time near the End of the World (1971), Lancelot (1977), The Second Coming (1980), and The Thanatos Syndrome (1987). He also wrote such nonfiction as The Message in the Bottle (1975), a sophisticated philosophical treatment of semantics.