narrative histories and announcements carved into cliff rock, onto pillars, and in caves throughout India by King Aśoka (Ashoka) (reigned c. 265–238 BC), the most powerful emperor of the Maurya dynasty and a highly influential promulgator of Indian Buddhism. Aśoka's first years as king were marked by his brutal slaughter of thousands of people during the conquest of Kaliṅga (Kalinga). Having been exposed to the moral teachings ( dharma) of Buddhism—teachings based on the necessity for nonviolence and compassion—Aśoka was moved to deep remorse for his actions. He converted to Buddhism, and as a record of his understanding of moral law he carved lessons into stone in the hope that he could provide inspiration and guidance to the people of his extensive kingdom. The rock edicts are important sources for modern understanding of ancient Indian political and religious history, particularly with regard to the influence of the Buddha's teachings on the king and, through him, on the people at large.