in plants (plant), force that helps to drive fluids upward into the water-conducting vessels ( xylem). It is primarily generated by osmotic pressure in the cells of the roots and can be demonstrated by exudation of fluid when the stem is cut off just above ground. It is partially responsible for the rise of water in plants.

The root-pressure hypothesis of sap rise holds that pressures in trees are several times atmospheric pressure, not nearly enough to transport water to the top of the tallest trees. Furthermore, root pressures tend to be lowest when water loss from leaves ( transpiration) is highest, exactly when trees most need water.

The lifting force generated by evaporation and transpiration of water from the leaves and the cohesive and adhesive forces of molecules in the vessels, and possibly other factors, all contribute to the rise of sap in plants.