city, north-central Anhui sheng (province), China. The area is mentioned in the early 1st millennium BCE in connection with myths surrounding the cultural hero Emperor Yu. Throughout most of Chinese history, however, it was only a small market town and port on the middle course of the Huai River. The city comprises two parts—greater Bengbu, on the southern bank of the Huai, and little Bengbu, on the northern bank.

Bengbu's modern growth began with the construction in 1912 of the great trunk railway from Tianjin to Pukou, opposite Nanjing (Nanking), on the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang)—a route that crossed the Huai. The river traffic on the Huai made Bengbu the natural collecting centre for the agricultural produce from much of northern Anhui, especially grain, cotton, peanuts (groundnuts), and soybeans. Bengbu's importance as a communication centre was further increased with the completion in 1944 of a railway linking it to Hefei and to the Huainan coalfield. In addition, it is also at the centre of an expressway network connecting it with Luohe in Henan province to the west, with Xuzhou to the north, with Nanjing to the southeast, and with Hefei to the south. Since 1949, particularly since the improvement of the Huai River system and the restoration of the Grand Canal, Bengbu's position as the chief commercial centre of the middle Huai River valley has been consolidated. The development of the Huaibei coal field further added to the city's regional importance. Local industries include food processing and the manufacture of textiles, pharmaceuticals, machinery, and building materials. There are several universities and colleges located in the city area. Pop. (2002 est.) city, 533,323; (2007 est.) urban agglom., 894,000.