He was elected to the National Assembly in 1848, and his conservative attitudes and fear of disorder led him to support Louis-Napoléon. Appointed minister of justice in 1849, he suppressed left-wing opposition, introduced the bill ending universal suffrage (May 1850), and was responsible for drawing up the constitution of the Second Empire (1852). After three years as vice president of the council of state, he was in 1855 made minister of agriculture, public works, and commerce. A vigorous proponent of private enterprise and free trade, he signed trade treaties with England (1860), Belgium (1861), and Italy (1863). As minister of state (the government's spokesman in the legislature, popularly dubbed the “Vice Emperor”) from 1863, he tried by every means to suppress the liberal movement; when it finally succeeded, he was forced to resign (1869) and became president of the Senate. After the fall of the Second Empire (1870), he served as a member of the National Assembly and the Chamber of Deputies (1872–82) and as leader of the Bonapartist party.