adherent of the Parliamentary Party during the English Civil War (1642–51) and after. Many Puritans wore their hair closely cropped in obvious contrast to the long ringlets fashionable at the court of Charles I. Roundhead appears to have been first used as a term of derision toward the end of 1641, when debates in Parliament on the Bishops' Exclusion Bill were causing riots at Westminster. John Rushworth, in Historical Collections of Private Passages of State (1680–1701), claims that the word was first used on Dec. 27, 1641, by a disbanded army officer, David Hide, who, during a riot, brandished his sword threatening to “cut the Throat of those Roundheaded Dogs that bawled against Bishops.” But Richard Baxter (Reliquiae Baxterianae, 1696) ascribes the origin of the term to a remark made by Queen Henrietta Maria at the trial (March–April 1641) of Thomas Wentworth, 1st earl of Strafford; referring to the parliamentary leader John Pym, she asked who the roundheaded man was.