“Royal Greenwich Observatory”的意思、由来-百科全书

Royal Greenwich Observatory

observatory, Greenwich, London, United Kingdom

astronomical observatory and, until its closure in 1998, the oldest scientific research institution in Great Britain. It was founded for navigational purposes in 1675 by King Charles II of England at Greenwich, and the astronomer in charge was given the title of astronomer royal. Its primary contributions were in practical astronomy—navigation, timekeeping, determination of star positions, and almanac publication. The observatory began publishing The Nautical Almanac (1766, with data for 1767), which established the longitude (latitude and longitude) of Greenwich as a baseline for time calculations. The almanac's popularity among navigators led in part to the adoption in 1884 of the Greenwich meridian as the Earth's prime meridian (0° longitude) and the starting point for the international time zones (time zone).

The observatory was gradually transferred from Greenwich to Herstmonceux in Sussex from 1948 to 1957, in a search for clearer skies, and it was moved to the Institute of Astronomy of the University of Cambridge (Cambridge, University of) in 1990. A controversial cost-cutting measure, announced by the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council in 1997, brought about the shutdown of the observatory in October 1998. The institution's equipment and operations, including the William Herschel Telescope and other instruments located on La Palma in the Canary Islands, were consolidated under the UK Astronomy Technology Centre, headquartered at the Royal Observatory Edinburgh. Some historic instruments and resources at Cambridge were returned to the Old Royal Observatory, which was renamed the Royal Observatory Greenwich. The old observatory is open to the public and is administered by the nearby National Maritime Museum.

词条	Royal Greenwich Observatory
释义	Royal Greenwich Observatory observatory, Greenwich, London, United Kingdom astronomical observatory and, until its closure in 1998, the oldest scientific research institution in Great Britain. It was founded for navigational purposes in 1675 by King Charles II of England at Greenwich, and the astronomer in charge was given the title of astronomer royal. Its primary contributions were in practical astronomy—navigation, timekeeping, determination of star positions, and almanac publication. The observatory began publishing The Nautical Almanac (1766, with data for 1767), which established the longitude (latitude and longitude) of Greenwich as a baseline for time calculations. The almanac's popularity among navigators led in part to the adoption in 1884 of the Greenwich meridian as the Earth's prime meridian (0° longitude) and the starting point for the international time zones (time zone). The observatory was gradually transferred from Greenwich to Herstmonceux in Sussex from 1948 to 1957, in a search for clearer skies, and it was moved to the Institute of Astronomy of the University of Cambridge (Cambridge, University of) in 1990. A controversial cost-cutting measure, announced by the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council in 1997, brought about the shutdown of the observatory in October 1998. The institution's equipment and operations, including the William Herschel Telescope and other instruments located on La Palma in the Canary Islands, were consolidated under the UK Astronomy Technology Centre, headquartered at the Royal Observatory Edinburgh. Some historic instruments and resources at Cambridge were returned to the Old Royal Observatory, which was renamed the Royal Observatory Greenwich. The old observatory is open to the public and is administered by the nearby National Maritime Museum.
随便看	Giono, Jean Gio Ponti Giordano Bruno Giordano, Luca Giordano, Umberto Giorgi, Giovanni Giorgio Armani Giorgio Bassani Giorgio Caproni Giorgio Chinaglia Giorgio de Chirico Giorgio Manganelli Giorgio Morandi Giorgione Giorgio Santelli Giorgio Vasari Gioseffo Zarlino Giosuè Carducci Giotto Giotto di Bondone Giovambattista Andreini Giovan Francesco Caroto Giovanni Agnelli Giovanni Alfonso Borelli Giovanni Amendola