city, seat (1882) of Howard county, western Texas, U.S., at the foot of the Caprock Escarpment, 111 miles (179 km) west-southwest of Abilene. It was named for the “big spring” in nearby Sulphur Draw, a frontier watering place and an area that was disputed between Comanche and Shawnee peoples.

White settlement, based on cattle and homesteading, developed after the arrival of the Texas and Pacific Railway (Texas and Pacific Railway Company) in May 1881, and Big Spring became a railroad divisional point. Its growth was accelerated after the discovery of oil in 1925. Refining and the production of petrochemicals and carbon black are basic to the economy, which was considerably boosted by the establishment during World War II of Big Spring Army Air Corps Bombardier School (later Webb Air Force Base, deactivated in 1977 and now an industrial park). The city has well-known medical facilities centring on the Veterans Administration Hospital and Rehabilitation Center and is the site of Howard (community) College (1945). Big Spring State Park, a 382-acre (155-hectare) park that includes a prairie dog colony, lies on a mesa on the southern edge of the city. Pop. (1990) 23,093; (2000) 25,233.