certain vocalizations of birds, characteristic of males during the breeding season, for the attraction of a mate and for territorial defense. Songs tend to be more complex and longer than birdcalls, used for communication within a species. Songs are the vocalizations (vocalization) of birds most pleasing to people.

From the advertising song of a male on its territory, other males learn what species it is, and some species can judge the mood of the singer and even its individual identity. The indigo bunting can learn all this data from particular parts of the song of a conspecific (a bird of the same species), yet the total sequence of notes in the song, so conspicuous to humans, is not known to convey any information to the bird. Birdsong is both hereditary and learned. The chaffinch, for example, is born with the ability to sing a simple juvenile “subsong” but must hear the true song from adult males in order to learn to sing it.