urban district and market town, County Offaly, Ireland, on the River Camcor. A monastery was founded there by St. Brendan of Birr (d. c. 573). In 1620 Birr Castle, the principal stronghold of the O'Carrolls, and the surrounding area were granted to Lawrence Parsons of Leicestershire, Eng., whose descendants became the earls of Rosse. Present-day industrial activities include the production of footwear and plastic coverings. Pop. (2002) 3,590; (2006) 4,091.