town, central upper Myanmar (Burma), on the Irrawaddy River. It lies opposite the historical site of Ava and 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Mandalay. Once the capital of Myanmar (1760–64), it occupies the southern end of a north-south ridge dotted with white pagodas, including the round-domed Kaunghmudaw, built in 1636. The Irrawaddy parallels the ridge and turns westward at Sagaing, at which a bridge (3,940 feet 【1,200 m】) crosses to Ava on the east bank; it is the only bridge across the Irrawaddy and carries the Mandalay-Myitkyinā railway and road traffic. Sagaing is essentially a river port trading in cotton, sesame, salt, and fruit. It is also at the head of a rail line west to Monywa on the Chindwin River.

The surrounding area, above the Chindwin confluence, lies in the heart of Myanmar's dry zone and is part of a major irrigation scheme. Sesame seeds, millet, rice, peas, wheat, and cotton are grown. Pop. (1983) 46,212.