Japanese Buddhist priest-poet, one of the greatest masters of the tanka (a traditional Japanese poetic form), whose life and works became the subject matter of many narratives, plays, and puppet dramas. He originally followed his father in a military career, but, like others of his day, he was oppressed by the sense of disaster that overwhelmed Japan as the brilliant imperial court life of the Heian era passed into a period of civil wars in the latter half of the 12th century.

At the age of 23 Saigyō became a priest. His life was spent in travel throughout Japan, punctuated by periodic returns to the capital at Kyōto to participate in imperial ceremonies. Saigyō's poetry is largely concerned with a love of nature and devotion to Buddhism. Among his many works are the anthology Sankashū and the Mimosusogawa utaawase (“Poetry Contest at Mimosusu River”)—a poetic masterpiece in which he pitted his own poems against each other. Many of his poems are included in the imperial anthology Shin kokin-shū. Saigyō's influence was reflected in poets of later ages, particularly the haiku master Matsuo Bashō.