member of a British auxiliary police force employed in Ireland against the republicans from July 1920 to July 1921. Their popular name derived from the name of a variety of hunting dogs, applied to the police because of their attire of khaki coats, black belts, and dark green trousers and caps. When Irish nationalist agitation intensified after World War I, a large proportion of the Irish police resigned, to be replaced by these temporary English recruits, mostly jobless former soldiers, who were paid 10 shillings a day and dressed in a mixed “black and tan” outfit because of the shortage of police uniforms. In seeking to thwart the terrorism of the Irish Republican Army, the Black and Tans themselves engaged in fierce reprisals. Notably, on “Bloody Sunday,” November 21, 1920, the IRA murdered 11 Englishmen suspected of being intelligence agents; and the Black and Tans took revenge the same afternoon, attacking spectators at a Gaelic football match in Croke Park, Dublin, killing 12 and wounding 60. The Black and Tans were withdrawn after the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 1921.