city, Leningrad oblast (province), northwestern Russia. It lies on the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland, 18 miles (29 km) southwest of the city of St. Petersburg. Peter I the Great founded Peterhof in 1709 as a country estate. After visiting the French court in 1717, he decided to make Peterhof into an imperial residence that would rival Versailles. The Baroque Grand Palace (1714–28) was designed by Domenico Trezzini and the palace's gardens by Alexandre Le Blond; Bartolomeo Rastrelli enlarged the structure in 1752. Peterhof subsequently became the most lavish and popular of the Russian royal summer residences. Nicholas II spent much time in Peterhof, and the last tsarevich (the heir apparent) in the Romanov line, Aleksey Nikolayevich, was born there in 1904.

The modern city of Petrodvorets is a rail terminus, port, and resort centre. The products of the surrounding agricultural area consist of lumber, dairy cattle, pigs, vegetables, and potatoes. Industries in the city include watch factories and lapidary works. Many workers commute to St. Petersburg by way of a suburban train line. The Grand Palace (now a museum); the 39 miles (63 km) of canals that connect the intricate system of fountains, as well as pavilions, small palaces, and gardens; and the noted statue of “Samson Rending the Lion's Jaws” (a copy of the original sculpted by Mikhail Kozlovsky in 1802) are today part of the 2,500-acre (1,000-hectare) area known as the Palace-Museums and Parks of the City of Petrodvorets. Pop. (1995 est.) 82,300.