town (township), seat (1856) of Caledonia county, northeastern Vermont, U.S., on the Passumpsic and Moose rivers. It includes the village of St. Johnsbury Center. The site was settled about 1786 by Jonathan Arnold from Rhode Island. It was named for Revolutionary War hero Ethan Allen's French friend Michel-Guillaume-Saint-Jean de Crèvecoeur (Crèvecoeur, Michel-Guillaume-Saint-Jean de), who wrote Letters from an American Farmer (1782) under the pseudonym J. Hector St. John. The community's growth began with Thaddeus Fairbanks' invention (1830) of the platform scale; its development and manufacture became a leading enterprise. Other industries include the production of maple sugar, dairy processing, and the manufacture of tools, machinery, and wood products.

The Fairbanks Museum and Planetarium features a collection of American birds, antique toys and tools, and African and Asian arts. The Maple Grove Museum has exhibits showing how maple sugar products are made. The St. Johnsbury Athenaeum (1873) displays 19th-century paintings with an emphasis on Hudson River subjects. Inc. 1853. Area 37 square miles (95 square km). Pop. (1990) 7,608; (2000) 7,571.