city, central Rio de Janeiro estado (state), southeastern Brazil. It is situated in a valley at 2,667 feet (813 metres) above sea level, in the Órgãos Mountains, about 25 miles (40 km) north of Rio de Janeiro city. Petrópolis was founded in 1845 by Bavarian immigrants under the sponsorship of Pedro II, the Brazilian emperor for whom it was named. The emperor was attracted by the site's relatively cool climate and held court there during the warmer months. His possessions, along with those of Pedro I and João VI of Portugal, remain in the ornate royal palace, now the Museum of the Empire. Petrópolis served as the state capital from 1894 until 1903. A treaty with Bolivia was signed there in 1903 for an exchange of lands and a Brazilian commitment to construct the Madeira-Mamoré Railway in Rondônia state. The city has diversified industries and is the seat of the Catholic University of Petrópolis (1961). Petrópolis is also a popular tourist destination, and many weekend and summer homes are located in and around the city. Pop. (2005 est.) 289,100.