institution of higher learning in Salerno, Italy. Much of the historic interest of the university derives from an antecedent medical school in Salerno that was the earliest and one of the greatest medical schools of the Middle Ages. In fact, some scholars have called this school medieval Europe's first university. The medical school was noted for its physicians as early as the 10th century, and by the 11th century it was attracting students from all over Europe, as well as Asia and Africa. In 1221 the Holy Roman emperor Frederick II decreed that no doctor in the kingdom could legally practice medicine until he had been examined and publicly approved by the school at Salerno.

The present University of Salerno is a distinct institution founded in 1970. Its faculties include letters and philosophy, teacher training, mathematics and science, law, and economics.