Borg learned to play tennis at a very early age, and, by the time he was 13, he was beating Sweden's top junior players. Noted for his powerful serve and two-handed backhand, Borg joined the professional circuit at age 14 and went on to win the Italian Open at 17 and the French Open at 18. In 1975 he helped Sweden win its first Davis Cup, and by that time he had won 16 consecutive cup singles, passing Bill Tilden (Tilden, Bill)'s record of 12. By the spring of 1981, when he finally lost at Wimbledon to John McEnroe (McEnroe, John), Borg had won 41 singles matches and 5 championships in a row, a record never previously set. Borg, however, proved unable ever to win two of the four grand slam events, the U.S. Open (United States Open Tennis Championships) and the Australian Open.

In January 1983 Borg abruptly announced his retirement from professional tennis, though he did attempt a short-lived comeback in 1991. Borg founded a successful sportswear company in the early 1990s. He wrote, with Eugene Scott, Björn Borg: My Life and Game (1980). In 1987 Borg was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame.