Muslim reformer and military leader who founded a powerful kingdom in West Africa and resisted French colonial expansion in the late 19th century.

In 1868 Samory, a member of the Mande group, proclaimed himself a religious chief and led a band of warriors in establishing a powerful chiefdom in the Kankan region of Guinea. A gifted commander and administrator, he expanded his rule until at its height in the early 1880s it extended from the Upper Volta region in the west to the Fouta Djallon in the east.

Samory opposed French (colonialism, Western) ambitions to build an empire in West Africa. He first fought the French in 1883, when they occupied Bamako on the Niger River. After the French carried out a successful offensive in 1886, Samory accepted their protection with the Niger as his frontier. After failing to expand to the east at the expense of Tieba, the king of Sikasso (in present-day southern Mali), he renewed his war with the French in 1891. When his forces were ejected from the Sudan by a military column, he tried to establish his kingdom in the upper Côte d'Ivoire colony, where he pillaged Kong (1895) and Bondoukou (1898). Pursued by French troops, Samory was captured on the upper reaches of the Cavally River on September 29, 1898. He died in exile.