prominent Latin American journalist, president of Colombia, 1938–42.

Santos earned a doctorate of law at the National University in 1908 and pursued further studies in Paris. He acquired the Bogotá daily newspaper El Tiempo in 1913, and he became active in Liberal Party politics in 1917. He served as minister of foreign relations (1930), governor of Santander (1931), head of the Colombian delegation to the League of Nations (1931–33), and senator (1935–37). Running unopposed, he was elected president in 1938 as leader of the right wing of the Liberal Party; as president he moderated the reforming pace of the previous Liberal administration. Although wartime conditions hampered the effectiveness of his administration, he introduced programs that set important precedents for subsequent governments. These included the development of public housing, credit reforms, and highway construction, and also the negotiation of a border treaty with Venezuela. He broke relations with the Axis powers after Pearl Harbor and spoke out for Latin American solidarity and against economic imperialism. After his term expired, Santos remained active in the Liberal Party and was elected vice president in 1946, but his most important later role was that of journalist. Santos criticized Gustavo Rojas Pinilla's dictatorship (1953–57) in the pages of El Tiempo, which was closed by the dictator for 22 months.