Swedish metallurgist who devised the Brinell hardness test, a rapid, nondestructive means of determining the hardness of metals.

In 1875 Brinell began his career as an engineer at the Lesjöfers Ironworks and in 1882 became chief engineer of the Fagersta Ironworks. While at Fagersta he studied the internal composition of steel during cooling and heating and devised his hardness test, which was displayed at the Paris Exhibition of 1900. The test is based on the measurement of the impression left by a small, hardened steel ball after it is pushed into the metal with a given force. With minor variations, his test remains in wide use.