any of the more than 180 species of marine fishes constituting the subfamily Melanostomiinae of the family Stomiidae (order Stomiiformes), with representatives inhabiting tropical regions of the major oceans. The name refers to the total absence of scales and the fierce appearance resulting from the numerous fanglike teeth of these fish.

The dorsal and anal fins of the scaleless dragonfish are located at the extreme posterior, and the pectoral fins are frequently absent; thus most of the body appears to be without fins. Long barbels extend from the lower jaw, and luminescent organs run the length of the body along the sides. Most species are about 10–15 cm (4–6 inches) long. Scaleless dragonfish inhabit waters ranging from the surface to depths of 1,500 m (5,000 feet), their preferred habitat usually being waters of great depth.