Swiss writer who lived in Germany from 1913. He belonged to a new generation of Swiss writers who, searching for uncompromising greatness and believing in life as a boundless adventure, broke away from the saturated tradition of middle-class society.

Schaffner was orphaned at an early age. He described his life in four autobiographical novels: Johannes (1922), Die Jünglingszeit des Johannes Schattenhold (1930; “The Youth of Johann Schattenhold”), Eine deutsche Wanderschaft (1931; “A German Journey”), and Kampf und Reife (1939; “Struggle and Resolution”). These works depict his experiences as a child, a charity schoolboy, a shoemaker, and a roving and self-taught writer.

His other novels include Konrad Pilater (1910), Der Dechant von Gottesbüren (1917; “The Dean of Gottesbüren”), and Die Glücksfischer (1925; “The Fisher for Happiness”). He also wrote a volume of poetry, Bekenntnis (1940; “Confessions”), as well as the essays Die Predigt der Marienburg (1931; “The Sermon of Marienburg”) and Berge, Ströme und Städte, eine schweizerische Heimatschau (1938; “Mountains, Streams, and Towns, a View of My Swiss Homeland”).

Influenced by the Swiss-born writer Gottfried Keller (Keller, Gottfried), Schaffner's writing is colourful, spirited, and imaginative. His convictions were those of the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche (Nietzsche, Friedrich) and, to some extent, of the Russian novelist Fyodor Dostoyevsky (Dostoyevsky, Fyodor) and finally led him to Nazism (National Socialism).