请输入您要查询的百科知识:

 

词条 Bulgarian language
释义
Bulgarian language
Bulgarian Bŭlgarski ezik
South Slavic language written in the Cyrillic alphabet and spoken in Bulgaria and parts of Greece, Romania, Moldova, and Ukraine. Together with Macedonian, to which it is most closely related, Bulgarian contrasts sharply with the other Slavic languages in its almost complete loss of case declension in the noun and in its use of certain grammatical features found in Balkan languages that belong to other language families. For example, the definite article is placed after the noun or adjective (e.g., masa ‘table,' masata ‘the table'), as in Albanian and Romanian, and the infinitive form of the verb is replaced with a clause, as in modern Greek, Albanian, and Romanian. The literary language has free stress accent (with consequent reductions of unstressed vowels) that has replaced an earlier pitch accent (i.e., tone).
The history of Bulgarian is divided into three periods: (1) Old Bulgarian, 9th–11th century (for those who adopt the view that Old Church Slavonic (Old Church Slavonic language) is based on Old Bulgarian); (2) Middle Bulgarian, 12th–16th century; and (3) Modern Bulgarian, from the 16th century to the present. The loss of cases in the noun, as well as many other linguistic changes, took place during the Middle Bulgarian period, which began with the subjugation of Bulgaria by the Byzantine Empire. The modern Bulgarian written language, which stems from the language of the widely read religious collections of the 16th century, did not become fully established until the 19th century; its vocabulary contains a sizable number of Russian and Church Slavonic loanwords, although a purist movement during the period between World Wars I and II attempted to replace these words and loanwords from other languages with native Bulgarian words.
随便看

 

百科全书收录100133条中英文百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容开放、自由的电子版百科全书。

 

Copyright © 2004-2023 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2025/2/19 17:14:16