American historian, educator, and public official.

Schlesinger graduated from Harvard University in 1938 and achieved initial notice with his biography Orestes A. Brownson: A Pilgrim's Progress (1939). After serving in the Office of War Information and the Office of Strategic Services during World War II, he became a professor of history (historiography) at Harvard in 1946, teaching there until 1961. In 1946 his Pulitzer Prize-winning The Age of Jackson was published to widespread acclaim. In this book Schlesinger reinterpreted the American era of Jacksonian democracy in terms of its cultural, social, and economic aspects as well as its strictly political dimensions. Schlesinger's major historical work was The Age of Roosevelt, whose three separate volumes were entitled The Crisis of the Old Order, 1919–1933 (1957), The Coming of the New Deal (1958), and The Politics of Upheaval (1960). In these books he described and narrated President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal from a sympathetic standpoint.

Throughout his life Schlesinger was active in liberal politics. He was an adviser to Adlai Stevenson (Stevenson, Adlai E) and subsequently to John F. Kennedy (Kennedy, John F.) during their presidential campaigns, and the latter appointed Schlesinger a special assistant for Latin American affairs. Schlesinger's study of the Kennedy administration, A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (1965), also won a Pulitzer Prize. In 1966 he began teaching history at the City University of New York, becoming professor emeritus in 1994. Among his other books are The Bitter Heritage (1967), The Imperial Presidency (1973), Robert Kennedy and His Times (1978), and War and the American Presidency (2004).