motion-picture director, member of the postwar cinema movement in West Germany.

Schlöndorff studied filmmaking in Paris, serving as an assistant to directors Louis Malle (Malle, Louis), Alain Resnais (Resnais, Alain), and Jean-Pierre Melville (Melville, Jean-Pierre). After directing several projects for French television in the early 1960s, he returned to Germany and joined the burgeoning Junger Deutscher (Young German) film movement. His first feature, Der junge Törless (1966; Young Törless), an adaptation of the Robert Musil (Musil, Robert) novella Die Verwirrungen des Zöglings Törless, earned him instant recognition. This study of a sensitive boy in a brutal German military academy exhibited the cool, straightforward directorial style that would come to distinguish Schlöndorff from his more idiosyncratic contemporaries Werner Herzog (Herzog, Werner) and Rainer Werner Fassbinder (Fassbinder, Rainer Werner).

After a short period of rather poorly received efforts, Schlöndorff formed his own film company, the first production of which Baal (1970), starring Fassbinder, was an adaptation of the Bertolt Brecht (Brecht, Bertolt) play. The following year, Schlöndorff married an actress who had appeared in the film, Margarethe von Trotta, with whom he collaborated professionally through the mid-1970s and who later directed films of her own. Notable among their collaborative works was Die verlorene Ehre der Katharina Blum (1973; The Lost Honor of Katharina Blum), adapted from the Heinrich Böll (Böll, Heinrich) novel.

Working independently of his wife from the late 1970s, Schlöndorff achieved critical and commercial success in Europe and the United States, winning the Golden Palm at the Cannes Film Festival and an Academy Award for best foreign film, with Die Blechtrommel (1979; The Tin Drum), his adaptation of the Günter Grass novel. The film's episodic structure and expressionistic style marked a departure from his earlier work. Schlöndorff's other work includes the film Die Fälschung (1981; Circle of Deceit), made on location in war-torn Beirut; a television production of Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman (1985), starring Dustin Hoffman (Hoffman, Dustin); and well-received adaptations of novels by Marcel Proust (Proust, Marcel) (Swann in Love, 1984) and Margaret Atwood (Atwood, Margaret) (The Handmaid's Tale, 1990).

Two of Schlöndorff's later films invoke memories of Nazi-dominated Germany: Der Unhold (1996; The Ogre), about a Nazi prisoner of war who is commissioned to train young boys for future government service, and Der neunte Tag (2004; The Ninth Day), the chilling tale of a priest's time in a Nazi concentration camp.