American poet, short-story writer, and literary critic noted for his lyrical descriptions of cultural alienation and the search for identity.

Educated at the University of Wisconsin, New York University, and Harvard University, Schwartz later taught at Harvard and at a number of other schools. His first book, In Dreams Begin Responsibilities (1939), which brought him immediate fame, included the short story of the title and a group of poems remarkable for their lyric beauty and imaginative power. His subsequent publications included Shenandoah (1941), a verse play; Genesis, Book I (1943), a long introspective poem; The World Is a Wedding (1948) and Successful Love, and Other Stories (1961), short stories dealing primarily with middle-class Jewish family life. His lucid and sensitive literary criticism was published in various periodicals. His New and Selected Poems, 1938–1958 appeared in 1959. Schwartz served as an editor for Partisan Review (1943–55) and The New Republic (1955–57). The brilliant but mentally unstable Schwartz was the model for the title character in Saul Bellow's novel Humboldt's Gift (1975).