The Old World buntings are a group of more than 35 species in Europe, Asia, and Africa. They include the colourful yellow-breasted bunting (Emberiza aureola), widespread across Siberia and northeastern Europe, and the reed bunting (E. schoeniclus), a chunky bird common to marshes across Europe and Asia.

The white buntings of the genus Plectrophenax are hardy songbirds (songbird) of the Arctic. They include the snow bunting (P. nivalis), sometimes called “snowflake,” as their flocks seem to swirl through the air and then settle on winter fields. The whitest North American songbird, McKay's bunting (P. hyperboreus), nests on the remote Bering Sea islands of St. Matthew and Hall.

The most brightly coloured buntings belong to the New World genus Passerina in the subfamily Cardinalinae. They live in areas of dense bush, but the males perch in the open to sing their musical territorial songs. The bright blue male indigo bunting (P. cyanea) is a conspicuous bird along eastern American roadsides; the drab brown female hides among thickets and incubates the eggs. The painted bunting (P. ciris), native to the American Southeast, is sometimes called the “nonpareil” because of the male's unrivaled colouring—indigo head and neck, scarlet breast, and lemon back.