Dutch jurist who helped develop international law along positivist lines.

Bynkershoek studied law at Franeker and was admitted to the bar at The Hague. In 1703 he was appointed a member of the supreme court of Holland and Zeeland, becoming president of the court in 1724. Although engaged in a demanding judicial career, he found time to produce a large and varied number of works of legal scholarship.

Bynkershoek's principal works in international law are De Dominio Maris (1703; “On the Dominion of the Sea”), De Foro Legatorum (1721; “On the Forum of Legates”), and Quaestiones Juris Publici (1737; “Questions of Public Law”). His opinions on such questions as the sovereignty of the seas, the position of ambassadors, private property in wartime, prizes, neutrality, contraband, and blockade have been highly regarded and influential. In ascertaining the law of nations, he placed greater emphasis than did his predecessors on actual usage, rather than on deduced precepts.