town, eastern Iran, built on low hills in a barren valley 4,774 feet (1,455 metres) above sea level. The town, divided by the Khūsf River (usually dry), was formerly the seat of semi-independent rulers and a caravan centre; it has in part maintained its commercial position. Local wool is excellent, and carpet making remains one of Bīrjand's most important industries. Pop. (2006) 166,168.